First Amendment scrutiny regardless of how the government characterizes the requirement. Alaska's disclaimer requirement cannot survive that scrutiny.
Argument Section (Draft)
I. THE ALASKA COURT APPLIED THE WRONG STANDARD.
The "paid for by" requirement compels speech on the face of a communication. It is a disclaimer. McIntyre v. Ohio Elections Comm'n, 514 U.S. 334 (1995), controls.
McIntyre applied exacting scrutiny to a compelled identification requirement on political literature and struck it down. In McIntyre, exacting scrutiny is strict scrutiny — the same standard this Court applied in NAACP v. Alabama, 357 U.S. 449 (1958), Talley v. California, 362 U.S. 60 (1960), and Bates v. State Bar, 433 U.S. 350 (1977). Alaska's disclaimer requirement fails that standard for the same reasons Ohio's did.
II. THE BUCKLEY TEST IS A MYTH.
The deferential "substantially related to a sufficiently important interest" standard the Alaska court applied derives from equal protection intermediate scrutiny, not from Buckley v. Valeo. Its attribution to Buckley is without support in that decision's text. Buckley applied exacting scrutiny in the same demanding sense as NAACP and Bates.
III. CITIZENS UNITED DICTA DOES NOT CONTROL.
No party in Citizens United challenged the disclaimer or disclosure provisions. The Court's characterization of exacting scrutiny as a lesser standard was unnecessary to any holding. Dicta cannot displace McIntyre.
IV. THE NINTH CIRCUIT GOT IT RIGHT.
ACLU of Nevada v. Heller, 378 F.3d 979 (9th Cir. 2004), applied McIntyre correctly to a disclaimer requirement and struck it down. That decision is directly controlling in Alaska. The Alaska Supreme Court ignored it.
V. CHILES AND FIRST CHOICE CONFIRM THE CORRECT FRAMEWORK.
Chiles v. Salazar, 607 U.S. ___ (2026), reaffirms that relabeling compelled speech does not reduce scrutiny. First Choice Women's Resource Centers v. Davenport, 608 U.S. ___ (2026), reaffirms that compelled identification of speakers and associates burdens First Amendment rights from the moment of demand. Alaska's disclaimer requirement survives neither.
To Do
- Read full Chiles opinion (Kagan concurrence, Jackson dissent)
- Read full First Choice opinion
- Identify SCOTUS-admitted counsel to sign brief (contact Institute for Free Speech after cert petition filed July 13)
- Pin down Boren/Buckley cross-contamination — find first case where "substantially related" appears in First Amendment disclaimer context
- Find specific Alaska out-of-state speaker additional disclaimer requirement (separate Alaska case, details forgotten)
- Consider Crawford amicus as style model
- File supplemental authority notice to Alaska Supreme Court
- Walk into Reagan National Advertising office re: billboard
Notes on IC 3-9-3-2.5 (Indiana — Separate but Related)
Indiana's current disclaimer statute has never been ruled on under Indiana Constitution Article 1, Section 9 — Stewart has been asking courts to rule on it for years without success. A SCOTUS clarification that McIntyre exacting scrutiny = strict scrutiny would force Indiana courts to finally confront the Section 9 question. Stewart v. Taylor struck the predecessor (IC 3-9-3-2). Majors v. Abell lost on 3-9-3-2.5 via Posner/McConnell. Chiles and First Choice now provide the framework to try again.